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Abstraction Vol.50, No.2

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Research Article
1. The Japanese Views of the 1911 Revolution of China: The Controversies between the Concepts of “Looting a Burning House” and “Lending a Helping Hand”
Tzu-Chin Huang, Research Fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica

2. The Crucial Year 1991: On the Birth ofthe Republic of China on Taiwan”
Yi-Shen Chen. Associate research fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica

3. The Taiwan Cultural Association and The Taiwan Min Bao Shaped Public Domain: Base on Cultural Lectures During 1923-1926
Wan-Ping Lai, Master, Department of History, National Chung Hsing University

4. Celibacy: A “Leprosy” of French Society in the Nineteenth Century
Yueh-Yuan Chen, Assistant Professor, Department of History, National Chung Hsing University

5. Discussion on Commentary Forms and Their Meanings in Lijizhengyi; the Literary Thinking and Creation Practice through Early Medieval Age
Chih-Hsin Chen, Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University

6. Reflexive Operation: Observation on the Genesis of Indigenous Social Theory
Yu-Cheng Liu, Assistant Master, Residential College of International Development, National Chengchi University, Adjunct Assistant Professor, Center for General Education, National Chiao Tung University




Research Article

The Japanese Views of the 1911 Revolution of China: The Controversies between the Concepts of “Looting a Burning House” and “Lending a Helping Hand”

Tzu-Chin Huang
Research Fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica

Different appraisals and corresponding attitudes coexist, based on different cognitions and positions, toward the 1911 Revolution of China in the Japanese society. The Japanese government believes during the time that denying the divine-right theory of kingship would be bound to jeopardize the survival of the Japanese royal family, as well as the order in Korea under Japanese ruling. Thus, three principles listed below have formed the basic stance of the Japanese government during the outbreak of the Revolution: (1) oppose the revolution; (2) induce the Qing government to implement constitutional reform; (3) expand the Japanese rights and interests in China.
On the other hand, in the Japanese society, in addition to a small portion of its people in favor of the government policies, most of them held the attitude of sympathy toward the Chinese Revolution. Activities in support of the revolution, which varied from person to person, include the participation of training of the new Chinese army, thinking of the new army as among one of them, or even participating in the Revolution personally in order to protect the new Chinese army joining the Revolution from destruction. In addition, some socialist followers also had resonance with the Chinese revolutionary ideals and thus actively supported the Revolution.

Keywords: the 1911 Revolution of China, Sino-Japanese Relations, Chinese Revolution



The Crucial Year 1991: On the Birth ofthe Republic of China on Taiwan”

Yi-Shen Chen
Associate research fellow, Institute of Modern History, Academia Sinica

The ending of the mobilization to repel rebellions and the beginning of full-scale re-election of the National Assembly members in 1991 was not only the crucial “first year” for internal democratization in Taiwan, but also the initiation of “one divided into two” constitutionally legitimate regimes on the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, as well as the first preparation in the transformation of the Democratic Progressive Party (the DPP) from its originally embraced position of Taiwan Independence. President Lee Teng-hui he himself during his term of presidency had already publicly used the phrase “The Republic of China on Taiwan”, and in so doing he had managed to change a proposition into a specific terminology-namely, a concept, in an attempt to solve the incompatibility between the name of the nation and its territory, with the resulting effect that has raised the two-pronged query whether this has either “dissolved” or “realized” the issue of Taiwan Independence.
The first thing that has to be ascertained here concerns the following: (1) what happened inside the most important political forces in Taiwan including the KMT and the DDP? (2) how to redefine the triangular relationships among the U.S.A., mainland China and Taiwan (the ROC)? The answers to these questions are indeed the pre-conditions for responding to the major issue raised here in Taiwan’s political history.

Keywords: "the Republic of China on Taiwan" ,Taiwan independence platform, the Guidelines for National Unification, pragmatic diplomacy, Lee Teng-hui



The Taiwan Cultural Association and The Taiwan Min Bao Shaped Public Domain: Base on Cultural Lectures During 1923-1926

Wan-Ping Lai
Master, Department of History, National Chung Hsing University

Based on the same idea, the Taiwan Cultural Association and the Taiwan Min Bao got together during the period of Japanese rule and expanded the activities of cultural lectures to have more popular support for the anti-Japanese movement.
The argument of this paper is that the cultural lectures, on the one hand, expanded the opportunity to participate in the anti-Japanese movement for ordinary people which is leaded by intellectuals, and created the spaces to reflect the direction of the movement for intellectuals who leaded the anti-Japanese movement , on the other hand.
It is a process of formation and development of public sphere. The two key elements are the cultural lectures and print media. They together shaped a public forum for civil right and national self-determination. Because of the common benefit, people joined the forum aggressively. Therefore, there were lots of cultural lectures during 1925-1926, but the Tongxiao lecture event make the intellectual reconsidered the strategy of anti-Japanese movement.

Keywords: Taiwan Cultural Association, Taiwan Min Bao, cultural lecture, cultural movement



Celibacy: A “Leprosy” of French Society in the Nineteenth Century

Yueh-Yuan Chen
Assistant Professor, Department of History, National Chung Hsing University

In studies of French public health in the nineteenth century, celibacy was referred to as a public nuisance to society. It was even regarded as leprosy, and celibates were supposed to be treated and segregated as the leprosy patients. This article aims to provide a historic context that helps to understand formation of scientific knowledge concerning celibacy. It focuses on the concept of body constructed by the science of public health in the nineteenth century, and describes the model and process of that construction. This article attempts to grasp when the celibacy problem appears in a novel model, what specific properties this novel model possesses, and how celibacy is related to other issues: the depopulation problem, high crime rate problem, national degeneration problem, and so on.

Keywords: celibacy, public health, degeneration, body



Discussion on Commentary Forms and Their Meanings in Lijizhengyi; the Literary Thinking and Creation Practice through Early Medieval Age

Chih-Hsin Chen
Associate Professor, Department of Chinese Literature, National Taiwan University

The purpose of this essay is to represent scenarios of the Jing-commentary banquets through Early Medieval Age (from Weijin Period to Early Tang Dynasty). By examining the commentary forms in Lijizhengyi, we see that the notes, titles, chapters, and sentences, arranged in sequence, are actually the representation of such scenarios. Though they are composed in advance, we can figure out from these vivid scenes the ways how the scholars speak, listen, inquire and respond to each other. The images also lead them to share their understanding for the essence of the long-inherited etiquette together with other ancient and contemporary Liji devotees. We get the ideas that the practice of these forms are the ways how the contemporary Confucians carry out their beliefs in everlasting cultural linage. The determination to make culture incessant also echoes to the literary field. In brief, by inspecting Lijizhengyi, we can see the burning will from Weijin to make culture enduring. Maybe it is the undying will that causes scholars or writers to cast their devotion to various symbol activities.

Keywords: Jing-commentary banquet, Lijizhengyi, cultural linage, Early-Tang Jingxue, Weijin Liuchao Literature (Early Medieval Chinese Literature)



Reflexive Operation: Observation on the Genesis of Indigenous Social Theory

Yu-Cheng Liu
Assistant Master, Residential College of International Development, National Chengchi University
Adjunct Assistant Professor, Center for General Education, National Chiao Tung University

This article investigates the emergence of social theory indigenized in Taiwan. Roughly, the argument base itself on two foundations: A micro foundation of social theory presented by ethnomethodology on the one hand and a macro one of social systems theory on the other. It will be argued that philosophical decisions made on the indigenization of social theory to interpret the social phenomena of a specific society will result in different sociological implications. This will be demonstrated by re-examining the notion of reflectivity adopted by Harold Garfinkel and Niklas Luhmann. The analysis of their thoughts will be settled in the context of the long-lasting debates about the emergence of indigenized social theory in Taiwan. Following this, it will suggest that both theoretical approaches develop respectively the concept of reflexivity that renders self-production and self-observation of the indigenization of social theory possible. It will be demonstrated further by the examples adopted from certain classical Chinese literatures for the purpose that it could contribute to our understanding of the genesis of indigenous social theory in Taiwan.

Keywords: reflexivity, social systems theory, indigenization, ethnomethodology, reality