Abstraction
Vol.51, No.3
Research Article
1. Forgotten
"Heroes" of Miaoli and the Ch’ing Dynasty: Cheng Jun, Sho Tungchun,
Zhung Rueisheng and the Miaoli Yimin Paramilitaries
Zheng-Tian
Zhang (Adjunct Assistant Professor, Center for General Education, Feng Chia
University)
2. Clarification
on the Problems of the Paternal Role in the Family Education in Yan Shi Jia Xun
Ying-Fen
Su (Assistant Research Fellow, Fu Jen Academia Catholica, Fu Jen Catholic
University, Adjunct Assistant Professor, General Education Center, National
Taiwan University of Arts)
3. A
Contrastive Analysis of Checked and Non-checked Tones in Hakka Infant-Directed
Speech
Ming-Chung
Cheng (Associate Professor, Institute of Hakka Language and Communication,
National United University)
4. Study
on Constitutionality of “Jing Si Aphorism Instruction” by Neutrality of
Education
Mei-Lien
Hsueh (Ph.D., National Taiwan Normal University)
Research Note
5. A
Brief Biography of Sun Ying-Ao and Commentary on Related Studies
Wen-Shu
Huang (Professor, Center for Teacher Education, Shu-Te University)
6. From ‘History of Taiwan Island’ to
‘Identity of Taiwan’: The Inspiration of the Historiography of Fernard
Braudel’s “The Identity of France”
Neng-Chih Chen (Associate Professor, Center
for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
Book Review
7. Arshin
Adib-Moghaddam, Iran in World Politics: The
Questions of the Islamic Republic
Li-Chiao
Chen (PhD candidate, Department of History, Royal Holloway, University of
London)
Research Article
Forgotten "Heroes" of Miaoli and the Ch’ing
Dynasty: Cheng Jun, Sho Tungchun, Zhung Rueisheng and the Miaoli Yimin
Paramilitaries
Zheng-Tian
Zhang (Adjunct Assistant Professor, Center for General Education, Feng Chia
University)
Located in Beimiao of Miaoli City, the Miaoli Yimin Temple (Miaoli
Heroes Temple) mainly enshrines heroes who were killed during the Lin
Shuang-Wen Incident. Nevertheless, due to a historical evolution over the last
two hundred years, the ritual sphere of this Yimin Temple now covers only three
villages in Miaoli City: Beimiao, Shangmiao and Qinghua, makes it a small local
temple. As for Cheng Jun, he lost his army and was killed when he was against
the forces of Lin Shuang-Wen; Sho Tong-Chun, who had a merit for regaining
Danshui Ting, led Yimin Paramilitaries formed by Hakka and Min-nan (originally
from Quanzhou and Zhangzhou) people to counterattack forces of Lin Shuang-Wen
and was unfortunately “killed for his country heroically”. Nevertheless, in the
bustling Hsinchu Fangliao Yimin Temple today, Cheng Jun and Sho Tong-Chun these
two heroes are not enshrined in the temple and are gradually forgotten by the
younger generations. Under the consideration of reviving the historical
consciousness in local, this paper has adopted a historiographical method to
make a detailed research on Cheng Jun and other people. It is expected that
“their heroic stories” of protecting the land and people of Hsinchu and Miaoli
will last forever.
Keywords:
Sho Tong-Chun, Zhong Rui-sheng, The Miaoli Yimin Belief, The Miaoli Yimin
Temple, Lin Shuang-Wen Incident
Clarification on the Problems of the Paternal Role in
the Family Education in Yan Shi Jia Xun
Ying-Fen
Su (Assistant Research Fellow, Fu Jen Academia Catholica, Fu Jen Catholic
University, Adjunct Assistant Professor, General Education Center, National
Taiwan University of Arts)
To discuss the paternal role in the family education from the
viewpoint of Yan Shi Jia Xun, there are some problems to be clarified. Firstly,
it is said, “Children should take serving their parents to heart; fathers
should take learning as the way to educating children.” in Yan Shi Jia Xun:
Encouraging Study; however, it is said, “Fathers should regard educating
children as the most important thing.” in the version of the Song Dynasty.
Should the paternal role in the family education be “to take learning as the
way to educating children” or “to regard educating children as the most
important thing”? If these two things cannot be clarified, the paternal role in
the family education would become ambiguous, causing confusions of roles,
relations, and cognition to the family education on the spot, failing to
actualize the effects of family education. Therefore, this thesis starts from
clarifying on which basis the paternal role is to be established in the family
education, and then proceeds to discussing how and what a father is to teach
his children. Through the research in this thesis, not only do I try to reflect
upon the heart of Yan Zhi Tui when he was writing Yan Shi Jia Xun, but also
hope to provide some possible and practical advices on the paternal role in the
family education, apart from merely being the breadwinner for the family
members.
Keywords:
Yan Shi Jia Xun, paternal role, to regard educating children as the most
important thing, to expound with metaphor, to learn to interact with people
A Contrastive Analysis of Checked and Non-checked
Tones in Hakka Infant-Directed Speech
Ming-Chung
Cheng (Associate Professor, Institute of Hakka Language and Communication,
National United University)
This study contrasted checked and non-checked tones in Hakka
infant-directed speech (IDS). Six mothers participated in speech recordings. Tonal
samples were gathered from mothers' natural verbal interaction in connected
speech with their infants and the experimenter, and were analyzed by PRAAT for
fundamental frequency (F0). Results displayed that F0
mean, F0 contour, F0 slope and F0 duration
were all phonetically expanded and lengthened in IDS, as compared with
adult-directed speech (ADS). Most important of all, checked and non-checked
tones in IDS displayed tonal separability, with checked tones higher in F0
contour and F0 mean than non-checked tones. It was further argued
that such tonal separability resulted from glottalization phonetically reduced
from the [p, t, k] codas in the rapid production of connected speech. Finally,
this study examined the appropriateness of Mother-Infant Phonetic Interaction
(MIPhI) Model in terms of current research results.
Keywords:
Hakka, infant-directed speech, tone, checked tone
Study on Constitutionality of “Jing Si Aphorism
Instruction” by Neutrality of Education
Mei-Lien
Hsueh (Ph.D., National Taiwan Normal University)
“Jing Si
Aphorism” is a collection of quotations of teachings by Master Cheng Yen of
Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation to her disciples and the public. “Jing Si Aphorism
instruction” is the promotion of the citation. In order to allow the students to
implement “Jing Si Aphorism” in daily lives, junior high and elementary school
teachers treat “Jing Si Aphorism” as a kind of teaching material. In fact, the
content of “Jing Si Aphorism instruction”, background of the teachers who
implement “Jing Si Aphorism instruction” and the activities of teachers’
studies in Jing Si Aphorism imply the Buddhism. Whether “Jing Si Aphorism
instruction” violate Article 13 of the Constitution (freedom in religious
belief) and Article 6 of the Basic Law of Education (religious neutrality of
education) should be clarified. Thus, this study first briefly introduces “Jing
Si Aphorism instruction”, including the history, characteristics and methods of
“Jing Si Aphorism instruction”. Secondly, religious neutrality of education and
freedom in religious belief are explored. Finally, this paper attempts to find
out if “Jing Si Aphorism instruction” violates the students’ religious freedom
by the perspectives of religious neutrality of education and freedom in
religious belief.
Keywords:
Jing Si Aphorism instruction, freedom of religion, religious neutrality of
education
Research Note
A Brief Biography of Sun Ying-Ao and Commentary on
Related Studies
Wen-Shu
Huang (Professor, Center for Teacher Education, Shu-Te University)
Sun Ying-Ao was an important follower of Wang Yang-Ming in Central
Guizhou, as well as an outstanding thinker and an educator in the middle and
late Ming Dynasty. In history books were left with his immortal and remarkable
performance of his official work and also his good reputation. As to the past
scholars’ studies exploring the researches and works of Sun Ying-Ao, only few
of them were worthy of proper reference since this kind of studies is still at
a beginning stage. First of all, the paper briefly describes the person of Sun
Ying-Ao himself, and also his life story. After that, based on the academic
studies of him, the paper synthetically makes comments on his researches and
works. Focusing on the topics of his life, philosophy, learning of Yi Jing and
educational thinking, the paper makes relevant reviews. The paper finds that
the scholars who made studies of Sun Ying-Ao, including Zhang Tan, Huang
Wen-Shu, Liu Zong-Bi, Liu Han-Zhong, Wang Yu, Wang Qiao-Yi and Ou Duo-Heng,
they either cited the original works incompletely, or took insufficient
materials about him, or quoted his words inaccurately, or gave too simple or
brief elaboration, or even raised some viewpoints that extremely needed to be
further discussed. It can be said that there is still much room for development
of the studies of Sun Ying-Ao.
Keywords:
Sun Ying-Ao, Four Books in Today’s
Language, Collected Works of Sun Ying-Ao, Collected Works of Education
Inspector Sun Shan-Fu, Learning from Written Poems at Confucius’ Abode
From
‘History of Taiwan Island’ to ‘Identity of Taiwan’: The Inspiration of the
Historiography of Fernard Braudel’s “The
Identity of France”
Neng-Chih Chen (Associate Professor, Center
for General Education, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology)
In 1990, Chao
Yung-He issued the concept of ‘History of Taiwan Island’ as a part of maritime
of East Asia to claim the subjectivity in research of Taiwan history. The
historiography of Annales School, such as geo-history, long term, total history
and global view, inspired the historiography of Taiwan research, from the
concept of ‘history of Taiwan Island’ to the discourse of ‘Taiwan identity’
after 1990s. The de-national historiography of Fernard Braudel’s “The Identity of France” might give some
reflections on the clarification of controversy on ‘Taiwan identity’ and deepen
the depth of research of regional history in Taiwan . The ‘Taiwan-centered’
historiography and ‘Taiwan identity’ issued from larger timescale and space-scale
to define the undefined ‘identity/ character of Taiwan’ or ‘Taiwan-ness’ will
be the main concern of this study.
Keywords: Identity of Taiwan,
Taiwan-centered discourse, the Historiography of Annales School in Taiwan,
History of Taiwan Island, Taiwan-oriented consciousness
Book Review
Arshin Adib-Moghaddam, Iran in World Politics: The Questions of the Islamic Republic
Li-Chiao
Chen (PhD candidate, Department of History, Royal Holloway, University of
London)
Arshin Adib-Moghaddam provides a multidimensional perspective in
this book by four parts on Iran in world politics after the Islamic Revolution
of 1979. The first part analyses Iran’s culture of foreign policy that
inherited its spirit of the 1979 Revolution for justice. The second part
asserts that Iraq utilised the myth of ‘Persian-Arab’ enmity and support of the
international society during the Iran-Iraq War of 1980-1988. The third part
claims that Iran is given a negative impression, especially its hostility to
the Jewish people and nuclear weapons, by Newconservatives of the United
States. The fourth part displays that Iran has been on a trend to be a liberal
and democratic state since 1979. So far there are numerous organizations of
human right and women right in Iran, which are more liberal and pluralistic
than Iran in the Pahlavi period before 1979. In response to Edward Said’s
argument of ‘Self-Other,’ Adib-Moghaddam argues that Iran is viewed as an
‘other,’ and there is not actual knowledge on Iran in academic research. Topics
of this book are different to other Iranian studies that mainly focus on only
some issues, such as Islamic fundamentalism, anti-American, and nuclear
weapons. Among various negative or unfriendly judgments on Iran, therefore,
Adib-Moghaddam presents a more objective vision on Iran, which is valuable for present
Iranian and Middle Eastern studies.
Keywords:
The Islamic Revolution of 1979, The Islamic Republic of Iran, The Iran-Iraq
War, Newconservatives of the United States
Social Network